Bihar, an ancient state of India, is a major centre of historical and prehistoric sites. Important sites include Bodh Gaya (Mahabodhi Temple), the ruins of Nalanda University, Rajgir (Cyclopean Wall), Vaishali (Ashoka Pillar), and Kumhrar in Patna. These places reflect the glorious history of Buddhism, Jainism, and the Magadha Empire.
Major Prehistoric and Historical Sites of Bihar
- Prehistoric Period
- Chirand (Saran): It is a very important Neolithic (New Stone Age) site where bone tools and pottery have been discovered.
- Maner (Patna): Evidence of prehistoric settlements has also been found here.
- Hilly regions of Bihar (Gaya, Rajgir, Nawada): Stone Age rock paintings and tools have been discovered in these areas.
- Historical Period
- Bodh Gaya (Gaya): The Mahabodhi Temple is located here, where Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment.
- Nalanda University: One of the most important ancient Buddhist centres of learning in the world, whose ruins still exist.
- Rajgir: The first capital of Magadha, famous for Bimbisara Jail, the Cyclopean Wall, and the hot water springs (Saptaparni Cave).
- Pataliputra (Patna): Important historical sites include Kumhrar (Mauryan Assembly Hall), Golghar, and the Patna Museum.
- Vaishali: Associated with Buddha and Mahavira, and known for the Ashoka Pillar.
- Vikramshila: Ruins of the ancient university established by the Pala dynasty.
- Sher Shah Suri’s Tomb (Sasaram): A remarkable example of Indo-Islamic architecture.
